Some people can’t get past the mistaken/flawed idea that blisters are caused by rubbing.
I understand it, though. Even as I was learning more about blisters and the role of friction, there was a synaptic reflex that automatically took my mind to rubbing, even when I knew it to not be true.
What about you? Be honest, when you watch this video, are you imagining the foot sliding (rubbing) in the shoe?
Video Credit: iStock https://youtu.be/eq1WsWc5R7A
Sure, there might be a tiny little bit of relative movement (sliding) between the foot (skin) and the shoe. But I wouldn’t mind betting there’s absolutely none.
💡Exclusively what you’re seeing in this video is the bones moving within the foot, allowed by distortion (deformation) of the soft tissues of the feet – NOT RUBBING💡
The skin, sock and shoe remain in stationary contact. They remain in stationary contact while the bones roll back and forth within the foot – without the skin surface moving at all. This describes static friction – the friction force before one surface moves across another. It’s not until the force of bone movement exceeds peak static friction that there is (rubbing) relative movement between the skin/sock or sock/shoe.
But Here’s The Kicker…
As soon as there is a bit of slip (rubbing), the magnitude of shear deformation reduces, because friction force reduces (kinetic friction). So, rubbing actually reduces friction and therefore the magnitude of shear deformation.
That’s why rubbing is not required for blister formation. The blister injury occurs before there is rubbing. It occurs during a state of static friction (ie: stationary contact of skin, sock and shoe).
Friction force reduces as soon as there is movement
Rubbing is not the problem; it can be the solution. Lots of blister prevention strategies work by promoting rubbing. Lubricants encourage rubbing between the skin and sock. Engo Blister Patches encourage rubbing between the sock and shoe. Double sock systems encourage rubbing between the two socks.
Rubbing Does Not Cause Friction Blisters
Rubbing is not required for blister formation. The blister injury occurs before there is rubbing. It occurs during a state of static friction (ie: stationary contact of skin, sock and shoe). When friction force is high, the foot skin, sock and shoe remain in stationary contact, the bones move further relative to the stationary skin surface, which results in larger shear distortions.
Rubbing May Coexist
Yes, rubbing may also occur. But if you think of a single shear episode, the magnitude of that shear distortion will peak in a state of static friction – the damage is done here. There may be further damage once relative movement (rubbing) occurs, but the damage was initiated when everything was in stationary contact. In fact, there need be no relative movement (rubbing) at all for a blister to form, tear and even deroof.
~ Rebecca 😀👣
TLDR: Friction blisters on the feet are caused by repetitive shear deformation – not rubbing.
About The Author
Rebecca Rushton BSc(Pod)
Podiatrist, blister prone ex-hockey player, foot blister thought-leader, author and educator. Can’t cook. Loves test cricket.
I recently stubbed my toe and a small blood blister formed. Why did this happen my foot only touched the object for a second doesnt it take awhile for a blister to form?
Sounds like a haematoma rather than a blister, Kyle. If it’s under the nail, we call it a subungual haematoma.
Last night, I stubbed my toe in sandals but walked another 30 minutes like a goof. By the time I got back to my car, a raised black lump the size of a pea had formed on the tip of my toe. Had planned to drain it bc pressure hurts, but thanks to your article on when to pop, I’ve decided it makes more sense in my circumstances (no kit supplies, no pressure on it, higher risk of infection if popped, etc) to leave it. Thx for providing the terrific info!